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On 15 December 2021, the European Commission adopted a legislative proposal to recast the 2009 EU Gas Regulation as part of the hydrogen and decarbonised gas markets package. This reflects the EU's growing climate ambitions, as outlined in the European Green Deal and its 'fit for 55' package. The proposal seeks to support the decarbonisation of the energy sector by increasing the production of renewable gases and hydrogen across the EU, and facilitating their integration in existing or new gas networks ...

This study analyses how the CAP and state aid support farm competitiveness, including the role of young farmers and women. Challenges and drivers of EU farm competitiveness are identified. Key competitiveness indicators are analysed and their limitations are considered. The level of CAP support to competitiveness is assessed, with a comparison of the 2014-2022 and 2023-2027 programming periods. The study illustrates the Member States’ differentiated approaches to supporting competitiveness.

Russia's brutal war of aggression against Ukraine may not be taking place geographically in the Arctic, but it has already had a plethora of impacts on the circumpolar north, the repercussions of which are likely to spread well beyond the region. First, the war has negatively affected cooperation, as activities with Russia in the framework of regional forums such as the Arctic Council (AC), the Barents Euro-Atlantic Council (BEAC), the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and the Northern Dimension ...

Climate change adaptation has been gathering momentum. At COP26 in 2021, the parties to the UNFCCC agreed to develop a work programme to deliver on the global goal on adaptation; at COP28, two years later, they adopted the framework for achieving that goal. Adaptation efforts should be led locally, by those most at risk, those who know the territory. The EU has been introducing tools, initiatives and strategies to enhance all aspects of climate change adaptation. While there are still barriers to ...

On 14 July 2021, the European Commission adopted the 'fit for 55' package with a view to adapting existing EU climate and energy legislation to meet the EU objective of a minimum 55 % reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, as required under the European Climate Law. The 'fit for 55' package includes a recast of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED), aligning its provisions to the -55 % GHG target. The recast EED as proposed by the Commission required Member States to almost double their ...

Climate considerations have entered the agenda of the ECB in recent years. The ECB has intensified its analyses of the macroeconomic impact of climate change and started to evaluate and implement more active approaches and best practices to support the green transition. In this paper we discuss how climate change could affect monetary policy, other policies available to the ECB to support the green transition, and potential trade-offs with its primary objective of price stability. This document ...

The European Parliament has underlined the need to involve the regional and local levels of government in efforts to ensure that the adaptation goal of the Paris Agreement – which provides a framework for global action to address climate change post-2020 – is met. A number of initiatives have been put in place to support regions, cities, and local authorities in their efforts to align with the EU's transition to climate neutrality. Examples of these initiatives include the Covenant of Mayors for ...

In a challenging environment marked by, among other issues, climate change and environmental degradation, the European economy is undergoing significant transformations. The green transition and the move towards sustainability, including the objective of achieving climate neutrality, are affecting how people live and work and changing skills requirements. Against this background, action is needed in the education and training sector to support the green transition and develop the sustainability competences ...

An effective climate labelling scheme requires a methodology, a database, and a label format that allows consistent comparison both within and across product categories. To this end, we analyse the EU product environmental footprint (PEF) methodology, the state of databases on climate footprints, the current knowledge on effective label design, and relevant EU regulation. Based on this analysis, we conclude that further preparation is required before a voluntary, horizontal climate labelling scheme ...

Freshwater is a vital yet scarce resource that is under increasing threat. Progress towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UN SDG) 6 (ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all) is off track globally, and many of its targets will not be reached by 2030. Access to freshwater and sanitation is alarmingly challenged in several African and Asian regions. While for the most part the European Union (EU) has abundant freshwater compared to other parts ...