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Euroopa Liit ja tema kaubanduspartnerid

ELi teabelehed 18-01-2024

Aastate jooksul on EL vähendanud tööjõumahukate ja madala väärtusega toodete tootmist, et spetsialiseeruda väärtuslikumatele kaubamärgiga toodetele. ELi majandus on avatud ja seepärast on kaubandus tema jaoks väga oluline. Kaubandustõkete ületamiseks ja oma ettevõtjatele võrdsete tingimuste loomiseks peab EL läbirääkimisi mitme vabakaubanduslepingu üle. EL on ka Maailma Kaubandusorganisatsiooni (WTO) asutajaliige ja tal on selles keskse tähtsusega roll.

Maailma Kaubandusorganisatsioon (WTO) püüab kindlustada kindlatel reeglitel põhinevat rahvusvahelist kaubandussüsteemi. Hoolimata kaubandusläbirääkimiste takerdumisest kaalutakse võimalusi WTO reeglite kaasajastamiseks ja uute ülemaailmsete probleemide lahendamiseks. Vastavalt Lissaboni lepingule on Euroopa Parlament koos Euroopa Liidu Nõukoguga seadusandja, kes peab kiitma heaks muudatused või uued WTO lepingud ning kellel on rahvusvahelises kaubanduspoliitikas oluline kontrolliv roll.

ELi arengupoliitikas rõhutatakse kaubanduse tähtsust ja keskendutakse kõige rohkem abi vajavatele riikidele. Liidu üldiste tariifsete soodustuste kava annab osale arenguriikide kaupadele eelisjuurdepääsu ELi turule. Majanduspartnerluslepingud tagavad Aafrika, Kariibi mere ja Vaikse ookeani piirkonna riikide kaubandusliku sooduskohtlemise, vähim arenenud riikide suhtes kohaldatakse erikorda „Kõik peale relvade“. Need kavad on kooskõlas Maailma Kaubandusorganisatsiooni (WTO) eeskirjadega.

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