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Sanctions have become an increasingly central element of the EU's common and foreign security policy. At present, the EU has over 50 sanctions programmes in place, concerning nearly 40 countries. Unlike the comprehensive trade embargoes used in the past, the EU has moved towards asset freezes and visa bans targeting individual persons and companies, aiming to influence foreign governments while avoiding humanitarian costs for the general population. Other measures in the sanctions 'toolkit' include ...

Poszanowanie podstawowych wolności i praw człowieka jest jedną z głównych wartości UE, obecną w jej polityce. Nagroda im. Sacharowa przyznawana przez Parlament Europejski honoruje pracę osób, które bronią tych wolności i praw. Ma ona istotną wagę tym bardziej teraz, gdy pokój i prawa człowieka są coraz bardziej zagrożone. W tym roku Nagrodę im. Sacharowa za 2023 otrzymała Żina Mahsa Amini oraz irański ruch „Kobieta, Życie, Wolność”. Uroczystość wręczenia nagrody odbędzie się podczas grudniowej sesji ...

Russia's war on Ukraine has caused the European Union (EU) to intensify its work for peace and security. The Peace and Security Outlook, produced by the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), seeks to analyse and explain the European Union's contribution to the promotion and restoration of peace and security internationally, through its various external policies. This study provides an overview of the issues and current state of play. It looks first at the concept of peace and the changing ...

Palestyńska Władza Narodowa (lub Autonomia Palestyńska) jest organem rządowym autonomicznych palestyńskich regionów Zachodniego Brzegu i Strefy Gazy, utworzonym w 1994 r. w ramach porozumienia pokojowego z Oslo między Izraelem a Organizacją Wyzwolenia Palestyny (OWP). Stosunki między Palestyńską Władzą Narodową a Izraelem są szczególnie napięte, zwłaszcza od czasu przejęcia władzy przez nowy rząd izraelski w grudniu 2022 r. Palestyńska Władza Narodowa stoi w obliczu kryzysu legitymacji ze względu ...

Even though the EU and Iran have worked together over the past 4 years to save the nuclear agreement known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), relations between the two sides have reached a new low. The EU is concerned about the acceleration of Iran's nuclear programme in violation of the JCPOA and the country's reluctance to cooperate fully with the International Atomic Energy Agency. In addition, the Iranian authorities' violent crackdown on and execution of peaceful protesters has ...

Enhanced and more focused cooperation between the European Union (EU) and member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has become a priority for the EU, with a view to jointly addressing a series of global and regional challenges. Building on strong ties established over decades of a close trading and investment relationship, the EU is now seeking to put relations on a more secure footing, with new impetus and a much broader scope. A joint communication on a strategic partnership with the ...

W kwietniu 2022 r. prezydent Ukrainy Wołodymyr Zełenski zwrócił się najpierw do Kongresu Stanów Zjednoczonych i Białego Domu o dodanie Rosji do prowadzonego przez Departament Stanu wykazu państw wspierających terroryzm. Następnie skierował swój apel do rządów na całym świecie. Zarówno Izba Reprezentantów USA, jak i amerykański Senat przyjęły rezolucje, w których wezwały sekretarza stanu Antony’ego Blinkena do umieszczenia Rosji w wykazie, lecz do tej pory sekretarz stanu odmawia uczynienia tego. ...

For the past two weeks, Iran has seen massive protests over the death in police custody of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini, a Kurdish woman arrested for allegedly violating Iran's compulsory veiling laws. Protests have spread to more than 150 cities across Iran, including universities. The government has reacted violently to the protests, leading to at least 75 deaths and over a thousand arrests. Iranians are protesting not just against Amini's death, but also against an increasingly repressive regime that ...

Russia's war on Ukraine has now been going on for 6 months. Ukraine's citizens have paid the highest price to defend the country's independence. The EU and Western allies are supporting the country diplomatically, financially and militarily. In early September, the Ukrainian army liberated important areas of the country. The European Parliament will use its powers of oversight in the revived 'question time' during the September plenary session, to question the High Representative/Vice-President of ...

Nuclear weapons pose an existential threat to humanity. Russia's threat to use nuclear weapons in the context of its war on Ukraine has been a stark reminder that this threat is real. At present, nine states are known to have military nuclear programmes. Over recent years, tensions among nuclear-armed states have increased, leading to 'outright strategic rivalry and competition' among several of them. Moreover, experts are concerned that the 'fabric of international institutions, treaties, and norms ...